阅读前了解一下mariadb与mysql的关系
centos7使用二进制包安装mysql
sudo groupadd mysql
sudo useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
cd /usr/local
sudo tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
sudo ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql # 如果要删除软链接使用unlink mysql
cd mysql
sudo chown mysql:mysql -R /usr/local/mysql
sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/mysql/
修改/etc/my.cnf配置
[mysqld]
bind-address=0.0.0.0
port=3306
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.err
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid
#character config
#
character_set_server=utf8mb4
#
symbolic-links=0
#
#explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
#
#
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in
[http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd](http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd)
[mysqld_safe]
#start mysql service error log
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
sudo mkdir -p /var/log/mariadb/
sudo chown mysql:mysql -R /var/log/mariadb/
sudo chmod 755 /var/log/mariadb/
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
sudo ./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --user=mysql --initialize
如果遇到libaio.so.1没有，去下载，这是正常现象
sudo yum install -y libaio
sudo cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
sudo ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin
sudo service mysql start
如果报错： log-error set to ‘/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log’, however file don’t exists. Create writable for user ‘mysql’.
则：
sudo touch /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /var/log/mariadb/
sudo cat /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.err查看密码
sudo mysql -uroot -p'密码' 密码如果有特殊字符必须用'包裹
SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
use mysql;
update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
配置主从复制(使用GTID进行复制)
主服务器配置：
[mysqld]
server-id=28 #唯一标识符
gtid_mode=on #开启gtid
enforce_gtid_consistency=on # 阻止会影响复制正确性的语句执行也就是有些mysql语句会执行不了
log-bin=mysql-bin # enable binary logging
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1 #保障每个事务都被同步地写到磁盘
sync_binlog=1 #每次事务执行时都把二进制日志同步写入磁盘，防止在服务器崩溃时丢失事务
binlog_format=row #按行复制
skip_slave_start=on #Tells the replica server not to start the replication threads when the server starts.To start the threads later, use a START SLAVE statement.
log_slave_updates=on #从sql线程写入也会写到二进制日志
从服务器配置：
[mysqld]
server_id=29
gtid_mode=on
enforce_gtid_consistency=on
log-bin=mysql-bin
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
sync_binlog=1
binlog_format=row
skip_slave_start=on
log_slave_updates=on
以下操作都是连接mysql后执行
检查GTID开启
show variables like '%gtid%';
主库建立授权用户
grant replication slave on *.* to 'slave'@'10.10.100.10' identified by 'slave_2022!';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
slave连接到master
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='10.79.185.28',
MASTER_USER='slave',
MASTER_PASSWORD='slave_2022!',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1;# 1 代表采用GTID协议复制 0 代表采用老的binlog复制
start slave;# 开启主从复制
master上查看salve信息：
show slave hosts;#（可能要等一会才有）
验证：
主数据库执行
CREATE SCHEMA `test1` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci ;
查看从数据库是否有对于的库
额外：
迁移数据到新磁盘：
sudo service mysql stop
sudo mkdir -p /export/mysql
cd /usr/local/mysql
sudo cp -ar data /export/mysql/data
sudo ln -s /export/mysql/data /usr/local/mysql/data
(在从服务器上重新执行连接master的语句和start slave语句)
Starting MySQL… ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/m ysql/data/mysql.pid). 如果修改my.cnf文件中有语法问题，也会报这个错。